Small-scale Mining's Extractive Landscapes

“Mining sites in and around Singkawang used to be forest. When the oil palm companies bought the land, they gave us the chance to take out the timber; we shared the profits with the company, with police, and others. Smallholders began selling trees for poles and planks, while the companies planted oil palms. In the course of those extractions, we found old gold mines and made new ones.” (Machine repair shop owner and extractive entrepreneur. Ketapang.)